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Natural calamities impair agricultural households' ability to invest in their farms. Facilitating access to agricultural credit may assist farmers in the face of negative revenue shocks. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of agricultural credit on the agricultural input expenditure of disaster-affected farmers in Bangladesh.

The study utilizes data on 2,519 disaster-affected farming households from Bangladesh's Household Income and Expenditure Study (HIES) 2016–2017, which employs a nationwide representative five-year interval survey. Further, propensity score matching (PSM) identification strategy is used to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated (ATET), and Mahalanobis distance matching (MDM) is used for the robustness test. In addition, heterogeneous analysis has been conducted to explore the impact of agricultural credit on different types of farming households.

The findings reveal that access to agricultural credit has a favorable and significant effect on farm input expenditure for disaster-affected farmers. Therefore, agricultural credit accessibility could be utilized as a policy tool to assist disaster-affected farmers in improving their investment capacity, and hence, agricultural output.

This study, using a quasi-experimental design of access to agricultural credit on agricultural input expenditures of the disaster-affected farming households in coastal areas of Bangladesh to estimate the causal effect.

This research measures the causal effects of pertinent agricultural credit policy attributes on farmers' participation probability and their willingness to pay (WTP) for agricultural credit and its associated services.

A randomized conjoint field experiment is conducted in three districts of Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan, capturing stated-preference data of 300 farmers. Each survey participant was provided with two hypothetical choices and one opt-out option to generate rankings based on their preferences. The levels of six attributes—namely, the credit service provider's location, the time required to obtain credit, the frequency of installments, the type of loan security, the provider of the credit services and the annual membership fee to participate in the proposed policy—are randomly assigned to produce the alternative choices.

The results reveal that farmers support the suggested agricultural credit services policy (ACSP), and the lower bound of their WTP for participation in the policy is as high as 5% of their average annual income.

This study provides evidence-based policy input for designing effective agricultural credit policies in Afghanistan, which can be extended to other countries with a similar context.

This is the first study estimating the causal effects of formal agricultural credit policy attributes on farmers' participation probability. Further, this study nonparametrically measures farmers' WTP for participation in the proposed policy.

This paper aims to present an example of the measurement of airport efficiency, a topic of great interest in civil aviation today. The methodology used is data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist Index. The calculation of airport efficiency with up-to-date data for each period is of great importance in the context of sustainability. The study selected ten airports with high air traffic in Turkey as the sample set. The objective of this study is to evaluate the current state of airport efficiency, identify the sources of inefficiency and make appropriate policy recommendations based on the findings obtained.

The study is based on DEA and Malmquist Index Analysis. The number of personnel and terminal size data of ten selected decision-making units (DMU) are used as inputs, while passenger, cargo and aircraft traffic data are used as outputs. A five-year period, spanning from 2018 to 2022, is considered as the data set in the study.

Upon analysis of the data from the ten airports included in the study, it was found that the current input-output combination yielded efficient results, with the exception of certain characteristics, such as the impact of seasonal conditions or tourism. Concurrent with the growth in aircraft, passenger and freight traffic, the number of personnel employed at these airports has also increased. It was concluded that technological efficiency is of paramount importance for each airport, and that investments in technology should be increased.

A separate assessment was conducted for each of the ten airports included in the study sample. Each airport was evaluated in terms of its strengths and weaknesses, and areas of low efficiency were identified. Consequently, more general conclusions were reached than airport-specific evaluations.

In order to ensure the long-term sustainability of the sector, it is essential that the efficiency measurements of airports are calculated using up-to-date data on a regular basis. The results obtained from these calculations provide guidance for the strategic plans to be implemented in the long term, as well as for the solution proposals for operational problems. In this context, this study not only provides information to policymakers and airport managers about the current situation, as it includes recent data, but also contributes to the literature in this sense, as it includes policy recommendations.

The purpose of this paper is to identify green envelope building components of residential buildings applicable under hot and humid climates and to analyze the effect of these components on building value.

The authors place an emphasis on green envelope components that influence building value and which are derived based on their integration into a building envelope structure that is applicable under hot and humid climates. This is performed through identification of green benefits of each green envelope component based on literature reviews and in relation to green criteria listed by the Malaysia Green Building Index (GBI). Consequently, a quantitative analysis has been conducted to determine the effect of these green envelope components on building value by means of a questionnaire distribution among 550 property valuation practitioners in Malaysia. However, in order to certify respondents’ credibility, the authors analyzed questionnaires answered by property valuation practitioners with experience in green valuation.

The findings show that there are ten green envelope components currently certified under GBI Malaysia and applicable for hot and humid climates. There are three green envelope components that can increase property values, specifically: solar photovoltaic, green living wall and green roof. However, eight of the green envelope components have no effect on building value.

Due to the relative immaturity of the green building market in Malaysia, the authors were unable to analyze the actual percentage of increment on building value as conveyed by each green envelope component.

This paper aims to provide understanding of the effect of individual green envelope components on building value rather than merely the value of green buildings in general. It proves that green building envelope components do in fact contribute to an increase in green building values. As the green building market in Malaysia is still in its infancy, this study is significant in that it prepares the Malaysian green building market to attain a new level by providing valuation practitioners with awareness of green building values and new knowledge concerning the effect of individual green components on building values. Hence, it is anticipated that this study can assist property valuation practitioners in conducting valuations of green buildings in the future.